The International Criminal Court (ICC) has issued an arrest warrant for Mr Putin for the war crimes of unlawful deportation and transfer of children from occupied areas of Ukraine to the Russian Federation.

Mongolia is a state party to the Rome Statute of the ICC. As a state party, it is obliged to arrest and surrender to the court any individuals as requested by the ICC.

The ICC, created in 1998 by treaty, relies on its 124 states parties to cooperate with judicial orders and ensure that it can fulfil its mandate to prosecute genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and the crime of aggression.

Dr Mark Ellis, executive director of the IBA, said: “ICC states parties should not be inviting persons subject to an ICC arrest warrant to visit their countries for any reason. Full stop.

“In light of President Vladimir Putin’s planned visit, Mongolia must now uphold its obligations as a state party to the ICC.

“The ICC judges have found reasonable grounds to believe that President Putin committed serious crimes in the context of Russia’s unlawful invasion of Ukraine. Mongolia’s membership in the ICC and its respect for the rule of law demands that it comply with this arrest warrant or let President Putin know that he is not welcome in Mongolia.

“This is a moment when Mongolia, as a state party, has to put law over politics.”

Kate Orlovsky, director of the IBA ICC and ICL programme, said: “States parties agree to be the caretakers of the ICC’s mandate and credibility, as part of their commitment to ensuring victims of the most serious crimes see justice and accountability. This means that when the court calls on them to arrest and surrender a suspect, the Rome Statute requires them to do so.

“We call on all states parties to remind Mongolia of the importance of this essential cooperation, and to enforce appropriate consequences in the event of non-cooperation.”