The review commissioned by the council was conducted by expert academics from the Universities of Glasgow and Edinburgh, alongside researchers from the Sentencing Academy.

The comprehensive report explores three main themes: the nature of firearms offences, offender profiles and associated crimes, and current sentencing guidance. The review analyses both Scottish-specific data and comparative information from England and Wales, where detailed sentencing guidelines for these offences are already in place.

According to the report, firearms offences in Scotland are relatively rare, with 273 cases recorded in 2021-22, representing the lowest figure since records began in 1980. However, these offences are treated seriously by the courts due to their potential for causing severe harm. The research reveals that air weapons account for 30 per cent of firearms offences, while 26 per cent involve possession with intent to endanger life.

The report highlights emerging challenges, including the growing concern over 3D-printed firearms and weapons purchased through the dark web.

Demographic data shows that firearms offenders are overwhelmingly male (96 per cent) with a median age of 27. The review also explores the relationship between firearms offences and other criminal activities, including organised crime and drug-related offences.